Project Report on Fatliquor For Leather Applications Using Chlorinated Paraffin Wax

Fat liquors basically are lubricants for leather. The final softness,  feel and touch of leather are determined by use of different fat liquors. Technically fatliquors are surface-active softening agents and are used in the last of the wet processes stage of leather manufacture. Soap is one form or the other  was the only cleaning wetting, emulsifying and dispersing agent available. Its ability to stand hard water and acid led to its development as a product  possessing the valuable properties of soap without its defects. The first successful attempt towards this was  of  Frany,  a Frenchman  who  studied the effects of concentrated sulfuric acid on  olive  oil, but it was  A Runge who first  prepared  sulphated olive oil  in 1854 by first reacting the olive oil with concentrated sulfuric  acid and then neutralized  the  resultant product  with cold  caustic potash solution. The product  was on oily water dispersible   substance. This and other similar products obtained  by sulphating different oils e.g. rapeseed oil,  cotton seed oil, Castor oil, ground nut oil, corn oil etc., have come to be  known  as  turkey  red oils as they were  found  to  act   as assistants and mordents in dyeing certain red colours on  cotton.