Project Report on Psa Based Nitrogen Generator Eiri1219

The pressure swing adsorption processes for the continuous and regenerative purification of air and gases have been well established since the discovery of the basic process over fifty years ago. Recent advances in the adsorption process have resulted in improved separation efficiencies and lower energy consumption. Purity requirements for clean, dry air have become more stringent in recent years to meet the increased demands of industry and laboratories. Thirty years ago, pure air was required to have a moisture dew point of 400C or lower and less than 1 ppmv hydrocarbon content (as methane). The levels were gradually lowered to -760C dew point and less than 0.5  ppmv total  hydrocarbon content. With advances in technology, the purity requirements were reduced to less than 1 ppbv  for semiconductor photolithography   applications, fuel cell development, automobile emissions testing, pharmaceutical manufacturing and other critical applications. Recently, the manufacturers of lithographic systems have required extremely dry air, less than -960C dew point, and contamination  levels lower than 1 pptv. In addition to the removal of water vapor and hydrocarbons,  pure air is defined as being free of acid  forming gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur  dioxide and nitrogen oxides, and free of base gases such as ammonia. Contaminants  are very detrimental in many areas where compressed air is use.  In breathing air systems, contaminants are an irritant in the human respiratory  system and can even be  a health hazard. In pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, products are subject to contamination by the compressed air used in conveying and  mixing solutions. In lithographic systems, the optical lenses are clouded by the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the  surfaces are permanently etched by acid forming gases and ammonia even at  low concentration levels.