Product Description
Project Report on Pre-Stressed Railway
Prestressed concrete is the concrete in which permanent internal stresses are deliberately introduce, usually by tensioned steel, to counteract to the designed degree, the stresses caused in the member in service. Pre-tensioning is the method of prestressing concrete in which the tenons are tensioned before concreting. Where as post-tensioning is the method of prestressing concrete in which prestressing steel is tensioned against the hardened concrete. Initial tension is the maximum stress induced in the prestressing tenon at the time of the stressing operation and initial prestress is the stress in the concrete at transfer. Although the first experiments were made in USA and the first patent for prestressed concrete was issued in 1988 for P.H. Jackson of Sanfransisco, it was developed in Europe. French, German & Danish engineers tried various ways of prestressing concrete, but none was successful till 1930 when in France, the high strength steel wire was used for prestressing concrete. After 1950s, actually, the prestressed concrete has found its major uses in fabricated constructions where it can be shop controlled & tested. Lift slab constructions were precast or cast on-site. Today it can be well seen that prestressed concrete is finding its varied uses in various types of constructions.
Contents of the Project Reports
Introduction
Uses and Applications
Properties
Market Position
Present Manufacturers
Detailed Process of Manufacture
Formulations
B.I.S. Specifications
Process Flow Sheet Diagram, Plant Layout,
Cost Economics with Profitability Analysis
Capacity
Land & Building Requirements with Rates
List & Details of Plant and Machinery with their Costs
Raw Materials Details/List and Costs
Power & Water Requirements
Labour/Staff Requirements
Utilities and Overheads
Total Capital Investment
Turnover
Cost of Production
Break Even Point
Profitability
Land Man Ratio
Suppliers of Plant & Machineries and Raw Materials
Cash Flow Statement
Repayment Schedule
Interest Chart
Depreciation Chart
Projected Balance Sheet for 5 Years etc.